Pakistan Flooding First Hand View COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Pakistan Flooding First Hand View COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog One of the great benefits of SIPA is that no matter where in the world something is happening, you will likely share a class with someone from the place where x is happening.   Just yesterday I received an email from an incoming student from Pakistan.   He wrote a post for the SIPA student blog, The Morningside Post (TMP). Yes, SIPA students have their own blog and I would recommend adding it to your RSS feeds as well.   He has experienced the horrific floods in Pakistan first hand and this is a short part of his entry, visit TMP for the entire post: Flood-hit Jampur, Pakistan (AP Photo/B.K.Bangash) Despite these odds, the unbelievable resilience of the Pakistani people continues to amaze me. A sad, constant stream of images of people wading through flood water or being marooned on roof tops and trees can be seen on the national electronic and print media. Yet in the faces of these people one can see a will to survive and live that is hard to describe in words. They have lost their homes, lands, livestock and in many cases their loved ones, but continue to struggle and cope as best they can. These millions of flood victims need our continued support. The government needs to perform better so that the trust of the people and the international community can be restored in its ability to conduct the massive relief and rehabilitation effort that is required. With the monsoons predicted to stay around in the coming weeks, the future still looks uncertain. I feel tormented having to leave Pakistan at this time in order to join Columbia for the start of my graduate degree. However, there is consolation in thinking that I might be able to increase awareness about the plight of my countrymen through this blog. I would urge everyone reading this to please contribute to one of the many international aid agencies currently operating in Pakistan. We are extremely grateful for every cent or penny that is donated. But most of all, our gratitude is reserved for the international community’s wishes and prayers, and the hope that we will not be forgotten in this trying time.

Bebop Research Papaer Essay - 2700 Words

Bebop music was the next evolutionary change of Jazz music that succeeded swing music. This paper’s aim is look at musicians who impacted this era, exploring more in depth Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker. In the early 1940’s, the swing bands began to all sound the same as well as work along predictable chord changes.1 The music was now not used for dancing. Some people believed that this would let the music go away from the elite social groups, and now be for everybody. Also just because a musician could play swing music well, there was no guarantee that the same musician would be able to perform Bebop. This new style of music was defined through adventurous soloists such as Dizzy Gillespie. Although swing music did have some†¦show more content†¦He was known for the unpredictable nature in which he would play the trumpet and act outside of performing. When he arrived in New York City, he was hired by the Teddy Hill Orchestra for a European tour.11 Before being hired, Dizzy was playing around town and making a name for himself. There he lived with his brother in an apartment in New York City. He went out all night so that his brother could come home form working all day and go to sleep.12 Dizzy 6 Encyclopedia of World Biography 7 Shipton, 11 8 Shipton, 13 9 Shipton, 21 10 Encyclopedia of World Biography 11 Encyclopedia of World Biography 12 Shipton, 33 3 Gillespie’s first recordings were with the Teddy Hill Orchestra Band. After being with Hill for a few years, Gillespie joined Cab Calloway in the summer of 1939. 13 They played at the Cotton Club but Calloway was touring a lot. This gave Dizzy the opportunity to develop his musicianship through style and knowledge through playing at all night jam sessions. Then, in 1942, Gillespie joined Earl â€Å"Fatha† Hines band. Unfortunately, in 1943, lots of band members left, including Dizzy Gillespie. He began to form his own bands that started by opening at Onyx Club on 52nd St in New York City.14 Dizzy had begun to play â€Å"bebop† in 1940, and was now able to do it full time. The venue became a hot spot for this new evolutional sound in Jazz. In 1956 Gillespie and

Example of scientific report

Example of scientific report is an inalienable part of the scientific process as it combines the particular features of research conducted within the framework of the natural or clinical sciences with the specific characteristics of scientific analysis. In such context, example of scientific report provides the analytical and academic proficiency, including gathering, augmentation, and systematization of abstract cognition. Accordingly, writing example of scientific report establishes the capacity to apply relevant theoretical knowledge in compliance with the particular field of study, as well as the related methods and theories. The following is the traditional example of the scientific report. Introduction Genetic engineering is the process connected with the direct manipulation of DNA with the objective to alter the specific characteristics of phenotype in a certain way. The process can take place in the particular forms, starting with the alteration of one base pair, and ending with the extraction of the whole range of DNA. Thus, in general, genetic engineering is applied by scientists in order to amplify or modify the features of the living organisms. Background Essentially, the application of genetic engineering is mainly prevalent within the specific group of crops. In compliance with the biotech-lobbying institution ISAAA, in 2014 genetically modified crops reached even 181.5 million hectares that caused the growth of 3.6% in comparison to 2013. Under such circumstances, the United States is the leading manufacturer of the crops produced with the application of genetic engineering with 73.1 million hectares. Theory and Methods The study was designed to investigate the peculiarities connected with the application of genetic engineering to the production of crops. Therefore, the analytical and quantitative methods of research were applied. As a consequence, it was established that the most common method of genetic engineering used for the production of crops is a method of producing a recombinant plasmid that holds an alien gene. Basically, the circular plasmid is the two-chained molecule of the DNA consisting of several thousand pairs of nucleotides. Thus, the application of genetic engineering increases the chances of growing crops with fewer expenses. Results The reorganization of genotypes during the fulfillment of genetic engineering is tightly connected with a qualitative change of genes that is not related to the visible changes in the structure of chromosomes. The results suggest that changes in genes are primarily associated with the transformation of the chemical structure of DNA. Consequently, the information about the structure of genes recorded as a sequence of nucleotides is realized as a sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein molecule. Conclusion As one of the most prevalent forms of the modification of living organisms, genetic engineering can be defined as a method of biotechnology dealing with research of genotypes restructuring. The modification of crops is the most widespread type of genetic engineering that provides transfer of genetic information from one organism to another by transactions in vitro. Accordingly, the transfer of genes makes it possible to overcome the inter-specific barriers and transmit the specific hereditary characteristics from one organism to the other. References Bonawitz, Nicholas D., and Clint Chapple. Can genetic engineering of lignin deposition be accomplished without an unacceptable yield penalty?. Current opinion in biotechnology 24.2 (2013): 336-343. Bruce, Donald, and Ann Bruce. Engineering genesis: ethics of genetic engineering in non-human species. Routledge, 2014. Hu, Honghong, and Lizhong Xiong. Genetic engineering and breeding of drought-resistant crops. Annual review of plant biology 65 (2014): 715-741. Glover, David M. Genetic engineering cloning DNA. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Setlow, Jane K., ed. Genetic engineering: principles and methods. Vol. 13. Springer Science Business Media, 2012.

Education Timeline Free Essays

History of American Education Timeline Antiria Jenkins HIS324: History of American Education Instructor: Timothy Kilgore November 12, 2012 http://prezi. com/vcesi_y4xome/history-of-american-education-timeline/ Education in the United States has faced great changes toward development in the past hundreds of years. At the beginning, during the Colonial Era, the principles of education were mainly based on those already used by European nations at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Education Timeline or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, the country began to adopt its own approaches toward teachings given different social, political and religious practices (Rippa 9). 1635The first Latin Grammar School (Boston Latin School): Founded on April 23, 1635, in Boston, Massachusetts, it is known as the first public school and oldest existing school in the United States. The Latin grammar curriculum was designed for boys 8 to 15, based on European Schools in a Puritan area. Schools were to prepare boys for college and the service of God. Protestantism believed that education was needed so that individuals could interpret the bible. 1751American Academy founded by Ben Franklin: The demand of skilled workers in the middle of the eighteenth century led Benjamin Franklin to start a new kind of secondary school, thus, the American Academy was established in Philadelphia. American high schools eventually replaced Latin grammar schools. Curriculum was geared to prepare students for employment. Academies eventually replaced the Latin Grammar Schools and some admitted Women. 783Introduction of Noah Webster’s Speller: Noah Webster published the A grammatical Institute of the English language, also known as, â€Å"the blue-back speller. † This was the most widely circulated of the early American textbooks and like Webster’s American Dictionary it strived to establish a national identity as well as the United States’ linguistic and cultural independence of England. As the first popular American textbo ok, the introduction of Noah Webster’s speller stands as a significant event in the history of American education. 817(April 15, 1817) Connecticut Asylum for the Education and Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons: The Connecticut Asylum at Hartford for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb Persons opens. It is the first permanent school for the deaf in the U. S. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and Laurent Clerc are the school’s co-founders. In 1864, Thomas Gallaudet’s son, Edward Miner Gallaudet, helps to start Gallaudet University, the first college specifically for deaf students. 824First State-Supported School Established: Originally named the Boston English Classical School and established in 1821, the school was renamed the English High School in 1824 and also, during that year, became the first-state supported common school. The adoption of the English High as a state-supported common school is a significant event in the history of American education as it was, essent ially, the first public school. 1855Abolition of Segregation of Schools in Massachusetts: Following the case of Roberts v. Boston, the state of Massachusetts abolished segregation in their schools. The victory would be the first in a long battle lasting nearly an entire century. This was the first law to oppose segregated schools in the United States and is, therefore, a significant event in the history of American education. 1856The First Kindergarten: In the United States Margarethe Schurz founded the first kindergarten in Watertown, Wisconsin, in 1856. Her German-language kindergarten impressed Elizabeth Peabody, who opened the first American English-language kindergarten in Boston in 1860. The kindergarten was much more influential in the United States and in the northern part of Europe which encouraged the National Education Association to begin a kindergarten department in 1874, and later, teachers founded the International Kindergarten Union in 1892. 1896The Laboratory School of the University of Chicago (First Progressive Laboratory):John Dewey, the father of the progressive education, established the first laboratory school for testing the progressive educational method. This would lead to a popular trend in education adopted by schools during the first half of the twentieth century. Progressive education emphasizes cultivation of problem solving and critical thinking skills through hands-on learning activities. 1905 Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching: Founded by Andrew Carnegie in 1905 and chartered in 1906 by an act of Congress, the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching is an independent policy and research center. The Foundation encouraged the adoption of a standard system for equating â€Å"seat time† (the amount of time spent in a class) to high school credits which is still in use today. This system is known as the â€Å"Carnegie Unit. 1939 The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (first called the Wechsler- Bellevue Intelligence Scale): This scale was developed by David Wechsler and is intended to measure human intelligence reflected in both verbal and performance abilities. It introduces the concept of the â€Å"deviation IQ,† which calculates IQ scores based on how far subjects’ scores differ (or deviate) from the average (mean) score of others who are the same age, rather than calculating them with the ratio (MA/CA multiplied by 100) system. Wechsler intelligence tests, particularly the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, are still widely used in U. S. schools to help identify students needing special education. 1944 The Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944 (GI Bill of Rights): Bill signed into law on June 22, 1944 by President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II. The GI Bill affords military veterans government funding to pursue or continue educational goals following their service. The GI Bill not only compensates veterans for their service, but has also been responsible for the growth of American colleges and universities. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka: On May 17, 1954, The U. S. Supreme court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that separate schools did not provide equal education to students and therefore banned the segregation of schools nationwide with a ruling of (9–0) decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal and declared unconstitutional. 1958 Defense Education Act of 1958: The Defense Education Act of 1958 was signed into law on September 2, 1958 by the United States government during the cold war in reaction to the successful launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik. The Soviets’ scientific success motivated the U. S. government to fund the U. S. Office of Education’s establishment of scientifically and mathematically centered curriculum. The act contained ten titles designed to improve the nation’s schools. 1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed on July 2, 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson banned discrimination in all federally funded programs and outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women. This law helped to further the ruling of Brown v. Board of Education as many schools had continued segregation. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 financially, â€Å"cut-off,† institutions, such as public schools, which promoted discrimination of any and all types and gave leverage to the movement. 1965 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA): The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) was passed on April 9, 1965 s a part of the â€Å"War on Poverty. † It emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability as well as provides federal funds to help low-income students, which results in the initiation of educational programs such as Title I and bilingual education. 965 The Higher Education Act: The Higher Education Act was signed on November 8, 1965 to strengthen the educational resources of colleges and universities and to provide financial assistance for students in postsecondary and higher education. It increased federal money given to universities, created scholarships, gave low-interest loans for students, and established a Nationa l Teachers Corps. 1965 Project Head Start: The Head Start program started in the summer of 1965 as an eight week summer program for children from low-income communities going into public school in the fall (Styfco and Zigler, 2003). The program provided preschool classes, medical care, dental care, and mental health services (Kagan, 2002). 1975Education for All Handicapped Children Act now known as The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA): requires public schools to make available to all eligible children with disabilities a free appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment appropriate to their individual needs and requires public school systems to develop appropriate Individualized Education Programs (IEP’s) for each child which will reflect the individualized needs of each student. 002 The No Child Left Behind Act: On January 8, 2002, NCLB was signed into law. NCLB supports standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals can improve individual outcomes in education. The Act requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. States must give these assessments to all students at select grade levels in order to receive federal school funding. All students are required to meet the standards establish by NCLB at the accountability of educators. 2004 H. R. 350, The Individuals with Disabilities Improvement Act (IDEA 2004): reauthorizes and modifies IDEA. Changes, which take effect on July 1, 2005, include modifications in the IEP process and procedural safeguards, increased authority for school personnel in special education placement decisions, and alignment of IDEA with the No Child Left Behind Act. The 2004 reauthorization also requires school districts to use the Response to Intervention (RTI) approach as a means for the early identification of students at risk for specific learning disabilities. RTI provides a three-tiered model for screening, monitoring, and providing increasing degrees of intervention using â€Å"research-based instruction† with the overall goal of reducing the need for special education services (Re-authorization, 2004). The history of education has been influenced multiple times over the past years. In some shape, form, or fashion, the many changes have affected many lives, especially those with disabilities. Going from segregation to desegregation, women involvement in education and fighting for equal education of those individuals with disabilities has not only marked historical events but has brought togetherness among all races and genders. Without these historical events in shaping education, the world would be at a standstill. References Dewey, John. 1938 (1963). Experience and Education. New York: Collier Books Kagan, J. (2002). Empowerment and education: Civil rights, expert-advocates, and parent politics in Head Start, 1964-1980. Teachers College Record, 104(3), 516-562. Re-authorization of the IDEA 2004. Retrieved November 5, 2012 from http://www. nj. gov/education/specialed/idea/reauth/ Rippa, Alexander. Education in a Free Society. Eighth Edition. New York: Longman, 1997. 3-107. Print. Styfco, S. , Zigler, E. (2003). Early Childhood Programs for a New Century. Reynolds, A. , Wang, M. (Eds. ) The federal commitment to preschool education: Lessons from and for Head Start (pp. 3-33). Washington, D. C. : Child Welfare League of America, Inc. How to cite Education Timeline, Essay examples

Othello By Shakespeare Essays (598 words) - Othello, Fiction, Film

Othello By Shakespeare "Good, evil, or misunderstood." A character paper on Othello, by Shakespeare It seems fascinating that an interesting and clever character in a story, would be the villain, such is the case in Othello, by Shakespeare. As a moor, Othello has faced many challenges and prejudices throughout his life. When he becomes a soldier of high stature and honor, and weds, he receives the jealousy and envy of Iago, the villain. The story revolves around the mischievous acts of Iago, his evil plans of making himself better than Othello. Iago conceives a plan of making Othello doubtful and unsure about his wife, Desdemona. At first, Iago's lies have no effect on Othello, but thru his relentlessness, Othello finally believes him. Othello, armed with anger and frustration, succeeds in killing her. Showing no pity for his beloved wife, he kills her, without listening to her side and story. Realizing he has been deceived by Iago, Othello in return kills himself. The true tragedy of the play consists of Othello not realizing how unnecessary his death and his wife's. The person, least expected to succeed and triumph in all his actions, was Iago. This play highlights the case of evil winning against good, to some perspectives. Throughout the entire story he appears, at least in every page, few pages are without him, either physically or spoken of. Being the most complex character, Iago, himself is a mysterious person. Many have come to question, why Othello is not called Iago, a play of his triumph over making other people's lives miserable. A simple answer can not be given to a difficult question, such as this. Perhaps the reason Iago, plays an extremely big part in the play, is because it symbolizes how evil plays a role in everyday life, it can be the deciding factor in forcing people to make the right, or in this case, the wrong choice. Iago, plays the major part of the instigator. He conceives and acts upon his mischievous plans. Although his deeds do not benefit him, he goes out of his way to make sure they go accordingly. After reading Othello, some people debate over who is to blame for Othello's actions. In my opinion, Iago could be no more to blame than if he was a bystander. Othello was not forced into believing everything Iago said. Othello should be held responsible for all of his deeds. Murdering his wife, was at will, even though Iago may have had a part in his decision, he certainly did not have a part in the murder. Through all his actions, Iago can not be ultimately blamed for the deaths. The green-eyed monster, can not be pictured to be Iago, but can be seen as Othello, within him the monster released itself and murdered Desdemona. An understatement would be for Iago to be the triumphant villain, he instead is the best villain, in that his punishment is left for us to decide. For my choice as the punishment would be that there is none. Iago would conceive another unbelievable, yet successful lie for Cassio, and be set free. Maybe in the future of Iago's character, we can imagine that he slips and makes a mistake, then he can be persecuted for all his wrong doing. Until then, for my imagination he is free and running around conspicuously among the crowd. Iago, is the kind of person, that never let his childhood go, in my opinion he just wanted to spice things up and see what he could get away with. But we can also picture a person who cared for nothing else than himself, clearly visualized when he murders his wife, to escape getting caught. Although, even if Emilia was to confess Iago's deeds, being punished would still be a question presented to the reader.

Physics of a Compact Disk essays

Physics of a Compact Disk essays Compact discs are the most popular form of recorded musical entertainment. They have more memory than their vinyl predecessors as well as a smaller size. Compact discs are digitally recorded, unlike the analog-recorded tapes and LP records, so have a better sound quality. Because of the benefits of optically recorded compact discs, this form of musical technology has almost completely replaced vinyl records and cassette tapes. CDs are played optically by a compact disk player. Laser light beams read the binary codes encoded on the disk during recording, and the code is interpreted as sound or silence. The more binary numbers there are that are read as sound, the greater the intensity of the sound. The sound is transferred to the compact disc players sound system and the music is amplified through the speakers. Compact discs are digitally recorded using an optical recording system. Music, or sound, is recorded in analog form through a microphone placed near each instrument. The original sound signal is continuous and varies in pitch, or frequency, and volume. The microphone changes the air vibrations that correspond with analog sound waves into electronic signals. These signals are measured up to thousands of times per second and are changed to binary numbers which represent varying sounds. These binary numbers are digitally recorded and are sent as a stream of laser light pulses through a fiber to be read by a photodetector in the recording system. Each light pulse is read as a single bit of information. A binary 1 is recorded sound, and binary 0 is a pause or silence. The laser flashes encode digital information onto the light sensitive compact disc to record the digital information. When all of the necessary information is on the compact disc, it is placed in a chemical that s eals the digital information in the disc. Microscopic pits are left in th ...

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal

What Are the Benefits of Recycling Metal The United States recycles 150 million metric tons of scrap materials annually, including 85 million tons of iron and steel, 5.5 million tons of aluminum, 1.8 million tons of copper, 2 million tons of stainless steel, 1.2 million tons of lead and 420,000 tons of zinc, according to the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI). Other metals such as chrome, brass, bronze, magnesium, and tin are recycled as well. What Are the Benefits of Recycling All That Metal? By definition, mining metal ores and refining them into usable metals is unsustainable; the amount of metals present on earth is fixed when considering (at least when considering any useful geological time scale). However, metals are easily recycled and reused, providing renewed opportunities for their use without having to mine and refine more of it. Thus, issues associated with mining like can be avoided, like  acid mine drainage.  By recycling, we reduce the need to manage extensive and potential dangerous piles of mine tailings.   U.S. Exports Recycled Metal In 2008, the scrap recycling industry generated $86 billion and supported 85,000 jobs. The recycled materials that the industry processes into raw material feedstock every year are used for industrial manufacturing around the world. For example, 25% of the steel used in production car panels (doors, hood, etc.) is obtained from recycled materials. For copper, used in the home building industry for electric wires and plumbing pipes, that proportion surpasses 50%. Each year, the United States exports staggering amounts of scrap metals - called scrap commodities  -  contributing significantly to U.S. trade balances. For example, in 2012 the U.S. exported $3 billion worth of aluminum, $4 billion of copper, and $7.5 billion of iron and steel. Metal Recycling Saves Energy and Natural Resources Recycling scrap metal reduces the substantial amounts of  greenhouse gas emissions  produced during the various smelting and processing operations used when making metal from virgin ore. At the same time, the amount of energy used is also much smaller. Energy  savings using various recycled metals compared to virgin ore is up to: 92 percent for aluminum 90 percent for copper 56 percent for steel These savings are significant, especially when scaled up to large production capacities. Indeed, according to the U.S.Geological Survey, 60% of steel production comes directly from recycled iron and steel scrap. For copper, the proportion coming from recycled materials reaches 50%. Recycled copper is almost as valuable as new copper, making it a common target for scrap metal thieves. Metal recycling also conserves natural resources. Recycling one ton of steel conserves 2,500 pounds of iron ore, 1,400 pounds of coal and 120 pounds of limestone. Water is also used in great quantities in the manufacturing of many metals. According to an industry source, through recycling steel the amount of energy conserved would be enough to power 18 million homes for an entire year.  Recycling a ton of aluminum conserves up to 8 tons of bauxite ore and 14-megawatt hours of electricity.That figure does not even account for shipping the bauxite from where it is mined, generally in South America.  The total amount of energy saved in 2012 by making aluminum from recycled material added up to 76 million megawatt hours of electricity.​ Edited by Frederic Beaudry.